What can occur when MAO inhibitors are combined with certain foods?

When MAO inhibitors are combined with certain foods, particularly those high in tyramine, a hypertensive crisis can occur. Tyramine is an amino acid that can lead to an increase in the release of norepinephrine, which interacts with the effects of MAO inhibitors. Normally, monoamine oxidase (MAO) breaks down tyramine in the body. However, when someone is taking an MAO inhibitor, this breakdown is inhibited, leading to an accumulation of tyramine.

This accumulation can cause a sudden and severe increase in blood pressure, resulting in symptoms such as headache, palpitations, and hypertensive crisis. This situation is dangerous and can lead to serious complications if not addressed.

While decreased medication efficacy, hypotensive episodes, and allergic reactions are concerns associated with other medications or interactions, they are not the primary concern when considering MAO inhibitors and their interaction with tyramine-rich foods. The critical aspect here is the significant risk of hypertensive crisis, which underscores the importance of dietary restrictions when on MAO inhibitor therapy.