Which long-term medication is likely causing tardive dyskinesia in a Type 1 diabetic patient with schizophrenia?

Tardive dyskinesia is a condition that may develop as a side effect of long-term use of certain antipsychotic medications, particularly those that are classified as first-generation antipsychotics, also known as typical antipsychotics. Chlorpromazine, commonly known by its brand name Thorazine, belongs to this category.

The mechanism behind tardive dyskinesia relates to dopaminergic receptor antagonism. Long-term use of chlorpromazine can lead to changes in the central nervous system, resulting in involuntary movements and other symptoms associated with tardive dyskinesia. These symptoms may include repetitive, uncontrolled movements of the face, tongue, and limbs.

In contrast, the other medications listed—sertraline, paroxetine, and diazepam—are not first-generation antipsychotics and are not commonly associated with the same risk. Sertraline and paroxetine are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used primarily for depression and anxiety disorders, while diazepam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and muscle spasms. None of these medications are known to cause tardive dyskinesia.

Thus, the identification of chlorpromazine as the likely cause in this