Which of the following are the four phases of pharmacokinetics?

The four phases of pharmacokinetics are indeed Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.

In the context of pharmacokinetics, Absorption refers to the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream following administration. It is a crucial first step in determining how much of the medication becomes available for therapeutic effect.

Distribution entails how the drug disperses throughout the body and into tissues after it is absorbed. Factors influencing distribution include the drug’s properties, such as its solubility and affinity for various tissues, as well as blood flow to the tissues.

Metabolism is the phase where the drug is chemically altered, often in the liver, to facilitate elimination and reduce potential toxicity. This process can also convert active drugs into inactive metabolites or, in some cases, may activate prodrugs into their therapeutic forms.

Excretion is the final phase of pharmacokinetics, involving the removal of the drug from the body, primarily through the kidneys but also via bile, lungs, and skin. Understanding these phases helps healthcare professionals determine dosage, frequency, and potential interactions with other medications.

The other choices do not accurately represent the established phases of pharmacokinetics, as they incorporate terms or stages that do not fit within the recognized