Which of the following are examples of anticoagulants?

The correct choice includes warfarin and heparin, both of which are well-known anticoagulants used in clinical practice to prevent or treat blood clots. Warfarin functions as a vitamin K antagonist, inhibiting the synthesis of clotting factors dependent on vitamin K, while heparin works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III, leading to the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa. Both medications are critical in managing conditions such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and in patients requiring anticoagulation during certain surgical procedures or atrial fibrillation.

The other choices feature medications that serve different purposes. For instance, ibuprofen and aspirin are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with some antiplatelet properties, not directly classed as anticoagulants. Atorvastatin and simvastatin are statins, primarily used to manage cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Metformin and glipizide are antidiabetic medications that help manage blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes.