Why is it important to monitor serum levels of vancomycin (Vancocin)?

Monitoring serum levels of vancomycin is crucial primarily because it has the potential to cause nephrotoxicity, which is damage to the kidneys. Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat serious infections, particularly those caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Its efficacy is closely linked to maintaining appropriate serum levels, as both underdosing and overdosing can lead to adverse effects.

By keeping track of the serum levels, healthcare providers can ensure that the drug concentration remains within a therapeutic range that is effective for treating the infection while minimizing the risk of renal damage. Elevated levels of vancomycin can lead to increased toxicity, resulting in complications such as acute kidney injury. Therefore, regular monitoring allows for timely adjustments in dosage to maintain safety and effectiveness in the treatment regimen.

The other answer choices pertain to concerns that are not typically primary reasons for monitoring vancomycin levels. While liver damage may be a concern with other medications, vancomycin is primarily associated with renal side effects. Similarly, reducing blood pressure and causing respiratory distress are not common or direct effects of vancomycin, which further solidifies the focus on nephrotoxicity as the primary reason for monitoring its serum levels.